Drying of clayware and the like.



C. G. GUIGNARI). DRYING 0F CIAYWARE AND THE LIKE. APPLICATION FILED FEB. 16. IBM.

1,204,430. Patented Nbv. 14, 1916.

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C. G. GUIGNARD.

DRYING- OF CLAYWARE AND THE LIKE.

APPLICATION VFILED FEB. Is, I914.

1,204,430. Patented Nov. 14, 1916.

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i was C. G. GUIGNARD.

DRYING 0F CLAYWARE AND THE LIKE.

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CHRISTOPHER G. GUIGNARD, OF COLUMBIA, SOUTH CAROLINA.

DRYING or CLAYWARE AND THE LIKE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Nov. 14,1916.

Application filed. February 16, 1914. Serial No. 819,011.

To all whom it may concern: I

Be it known that I, CHRISTOPHER G. GUIGNARD, a citizen of the United States, residing at Columbia, in the county of Richland and State of South Carolina, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in the Drying of Clayware and the like, of which the following is a speclfication, reference being had therein to the accompanying drawing.

This invention relates to methods of and apparatus for drying clay-ware, such as brick, tile, and the like. I

The primary object of the invention, 1n one aspect, is to provide a drier of the character specified in which the heat from producer-gas is effectively utilized for drying clayware in tunnel-kilns.-

The invention has further for its object the effective utilization of the heat derived directly from the combustion of producergas projected into or drawn through mixing and combustion chambers, of special construction, and which heat thus produced is subsequently distributed to conduits or radiators with a minimum loss of heat-units and with a maximum degree of 'efliciency. The heat radiating from the radiators is used to effect drying in adjacent tunnels.

I The invention has also for its objectthe provision of appropriate apparatus structurally and functionally adapted to produce novel results and with relative economy in its operation. The apparatus, from an operative standpoint, will, in practical use,

- possess a'high degree of efficiency and, from a structural standpoint, is of the greatest possible simplicity.

Other objects and advantages will in part be obvious from the annexed drawings and, in part, will be pointed out in the following description.

With these and other objects in view, the invention resides broadly in the features of construction, in the combination and aggroupment of components of the apparatus, in the method practised in connection therewith, and -in certain novel details, all as will hereinafter be fully set forth and the broad and specific scope of which will be indicated in the claims hereto appended.

In the accompanying drawings forming a part of this specification and in which like letters of reference indicate corresponding parts, I have shown, by way of example, a form of structure well adapted to carry my invention into effect; but, in thus illustrating a particular embodiment of my inven tive-concept, I do not wish itvto be understood that it is limited to the specific structure thus exhibited, because as a matter of fact, the invention islcapable of being em bodied in other forms and this without a departure from the spirit and underlying principles thereof.

In these drawings: Figure l is a view, principally diagrammatic and partly in horizontal section, of a dry-kiln constructed in accordance with my invention; Fig. 2 is a view in vertical section of a portion of the structure, including the heat-distributing flue, a drier-tunnel, and one of the radiators; Fig. 2 is a fragmentary view, in vertical longitudinal section of a modified form of heat-conduit; Fig. 3 is a similar view of another portion thereof, including the gas-intake, the mixing-chamber, the combustion-chamber, and the heat-flue; Fig. 4 is a fragmentary view, in vertical trans- .Verse section of still another portion, (including a drier-tunnel) and showing the relative position and arrangement of the radiators constituting components of the structure; Fig.5 is also a fragmentary view, in horizontal section, illustrating a portion of the mixing-chamber, and some of the radiators and air-flues; and Fig. 6 is a similar View, in vertical transverse section,

illustrating a portion of the mixing-chamher, the gas-intake, and air-flues.

As the desideratum of the present invention is to simplify the general construction of ware-drying structure and at the same time provide for the effective utilization of the heat created from the combustion of producer-gas and for eflicient distribution of the heat-units to various portions of the structure, the principal'components of that structure, as exemplified in the present embodiment, will now be described.

Referring to the drawings, it will be noted that the reference-character 1 designates, generally, a so-called tunnel-drier, for drying brick, tile, or other clayware; the same comprising end-doors 2, side-walls 3, and intermediate walls 4 dividing the building into a series of chambers ortunnels 5, 6 and 7. In each of the tunnels are arranged, in this instance, two sets of tracks 8 adapted to be traversed by ware-carrying cars or trucks 9. At the extremities of these tracks, there may be full gage tracks 10, 10, for

cars (not shown) upon or in which the completed product is loaded.

As an outstanding structurebut connected with the drier 1 properis a gasproducer 11, which may be'of any approved type and of proper capacity. Communicating with the gas-producer 11 are 'mixing and combustionbhambers 12 and 12*, with the former of which gas from the producer is introduced, as by a gas-intake 13, and into which, also, air from an air-intake 14 is introduced. Extending between the drierbuilding 1 proper and the mixing-chamber 12 is an elongated heat-distributing flue 15 of relatively large dimension, preferably arched at the top, and having its wall 16 housed by an outside wall 17, there being a space 18 of proper size provided between the two walls for the passage of air from the intake ltto the mixing-chamber.

As shown in Fig. 1, the air-intake 14 is disposed somewhat remotely from the mix: ing chamber 12, and this is so that the intaken air may travel a considerable distance and, thus, be warmed by the heat radiating through the wall 16. In this way, provision is made for heating the air before it actually enters the mixing-chamber l2.

' The aforementioned mixing-chamber may be of any appropriate form, butI have found to be entirely satisfactory one of the type illustrated in the drawings and particularly shown in Figs. 1, 5 prises a circumscribed area at one end of the heat-flue 15, and in which a series of spaced chambered members 12 are arranged, these opening into the combustionchamber 12", as shown in Fig. 5, for instance;

The producer-gas descends through the in take 13 (as shown in Fig. 6, for example) and passes into the small chambers 19 and thence intermingles with the preheated air which. passes into the spaces 20 between and at the sides of the gas-chambers. V

In the combustion-chamber, the gas and air are ignited, and complete combustion is effected to furnish heat of any desired or re quired and predetermined intensity and volume. main heat-fine '15incidentally heating the air as the latter is niov ing fromits intake toward the mixing-chamber-and enters upwardly-extending radiator-feeding passages 21 with which communicate a series of elon-' gated heat-radiating conduits or radiators 22, there being any preferred number of these-two being shown in the present. instancein each of the three radiator-chamber-s23 subjacent the tunnels- 5, 6 and 7, respectively.

In some embodiments of the invention, I may elect to introduce the heat directly into the tunnels and-utilize it there to dry the ware in lieu of radic ting it from radiators.

(For this purpose, and as shown in Fig. 2

and 6: It com- .This heat then passes along the conduits would be provided with apertures 22preferably of predetermined and graduated sizein the upper portion of the conduits. The heat, as well as the moisture in the tunnels, would then escape, as through a chimney 29. In either instance whether the heat is radiated from the radiators or introduced directly into the tunnels, the ware is brought into the presence of heat developed from producer-gas. The intensity and volume of the heat may be predetermined and controlled in any appropriate manner, as by regulating the relative amounts of air and gas introduced, into the mixing-chamber. In order to control the passage of the heat-units through these radiators, suitable means are provided; and, in this instance, such means include dampers 24L operatively mounted on a shaft 25 which is common to two of them and with which shaft is attached operating-levers 26.

Passing out of the opposite ends of the radiators, the spent gases of combustion enter a draft-flue 27, the necessary draft or suction therein being induced by any suitable means, as by an exhauster 28 coupled to the same. a

The radiators being disposed in proper relation to the effective portions of the tunnels, the heat therein radiates from the same into the respective tunnels and effects a drying of the ware on the cars or trucks therein. The moisture-ladened air in the tunnels may be permitted to escape therefrom in any desired manner, as through the flue or chimney 29. I

From the foregoing, it will be perceived that I have succeeded in devising a drier which is well adapted to achieve the several objects and ends in view. The structure is simple and easily operated and controlled.

As many changes may be made in the foregoing structure and many apparently widely different embodiments of the invention can be made without departing from the spirit thereof, it'is intended that all matter contained in the. foregoing description and illustrated in the accompanying drawings shall be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense. It is also'to be understood that .the language used in the following claims is intended to cover all of the generic and specific features of the invention which, as a matter of language, might be said to fall therebetween.

hat I claim is: r

1. A drying apparatus comprising in combination a source of heat; a drying chamber; a mixing chamber connected with said source of heat; a combustion chamber associated with said mixing chamber; a heat distributing flue communicating with said combustion chamber; an air chamber associated withsaid heatdistrib-uting, flue and combustion chamber; an air chamber associated' with said heat distributing flue and communicating at one end with said mixing chamber; an air inlet entering said air chamber at the other end thereof; a radiation chamber associated With said drying chamber; and a flue connecting said radiation chamber with said heat distributing chamber.

3. A drying apparatus comprising in com- 'bination a source of heat; a dryingchamber;

a mixing chamber connected with said source of heat; a combustion chamber associated with said mixing chamber; a heat distributing flue communicating with said combustion chamber; an air chamber associated with said heat distributing flue and com municating at one end with said mixing chamber; an air inlet entering said air chamber at the other end thereof; a radiation chamber associated with said drying chamber; a flue connecting said radiation chamber with said heat distributing chamber; and a radiator disposed in said radiation chamber.

4. A drying apparatus comprising in combination a source of heat; a drying chamber; a mixing chamber connected with said source of heat; a combustion chamber asso ciated with said mixing chamber; a heat distributing flue communicating with said com bustion chamber; an air chamber associated with said heat distributing flue and communicating at one end with said mixing chamber; an air inlet entering said air chamber at the other end thereof; a radiation chamber disposed under said drying chamber; a flue connecting said radiation chamber and said heat distributing chamber; a plurality of radiators disposed in said radiation chamber; and damper instrumentality associated with said radiators.

5. A drymg apparatus including in combination a drymg chamber; a source of gas supply; a mixing chamber connected with said source of gas; a combustion chamber associated with said mixing chamber; a heat distributing flue connected with said combustion chamber; an air chamber disposed upon said heat distributing flue and connected at one end with said mixing chamber; an air intake at the other end of said air chamber; a radiator chamber communicating with said drying chamber; heat radiating instrumentality disposed therein; and

a radiator feeding flue connecting said heat distributing chamber and the heat radiating instrumentality.

6. A drying apparatus including in combination a drying chamber; a source of gas supply; a mixing chamber connected with said source of gas; a combustion chamber associated wlth sald mlxmg chamber; a heat distributing flueconnected wlth said combustion chamber; an air chamber disposed upon said heat distributing flue and connect,- od at one end with said mixing chamber; an

air intake at the'other end of said air chamber; a radiator chamber communicating with said drying chamber; heat radiating instrumentality disposed therein; a radiator feeding flue connecting said heat distributing chamber and the heat radiating instrumentality; and damper instrumentality associated with said heat radiating instrumentality.

7. A drying apparatus including in combination a drying chamber; a source of gas supply; a mixing chamber connected with said source of gas; a combustion chamber associated with said mixing chamber; a heat distributing flue connected with said combustion chamber; an air chamber disposed upon said heat distributing flue and connected at one end with said mixing chamher; an air intake at the other end of'said air chamber; a radiator chamber communieating with said drymg chamber; heat radiatmg mstrumentallty disposed therem; a

radiator feeding flue connecting said heat distributing chamber and the heat radiating instrumentality; and an exhaust flue connected with said heat radiating instrumentality.

8. A drying apparatus including in combination a drying chamber; a source of gas supply; a mixing chamber connected with said source of gas; a combustion chamber associated with said mixing chamber; a heat distributing flue connected with said combustion chamber; an air chamber disposed upon said heat distributing flue and connected at one end with said mixing chamber; an air intake at the other end of said air chamber; a radiator chamber communicating with said drying chamber; heat radiating instrumentality disposed therein; a radiator feeding flue connecting said heat distributing chamber and the heat radiating instrumentality; and a passage communicating directly with the atmosphere from the heat distributing chamber.

9. Clayware drying apparatus including a drying chamber, a source of producer-gassupply, a combustion chamber communicating therewith, and an elongated conduit connecting said drying and combustion chambers whereby heat may be conducted directly to by radiation.

10. A drying apparatus comprising in combination a drying chamber; a source of producer gas supply; a mixing and combustion ber; an air chamber disposed around said heat distributingchamber and connected at one end with said mixing chamber; an air intake disposed at the other end of said 'air chamber; a radiator feeding flue connected with said heat distributing chamber; a radiator chamber disposed beneath said drying chamber; a radiator connected at one end to said radiator feeding flue; a draft fiue connected to the other end of the radiator; and an exhaust member connected with said draft flue. V V

12. A drying apparatus comprising in com- Gopies of this patent may be obtained for binatioii a gas producer; a mixing chamber connected therewith; a combustion chamber 'bustion chamber; an air chamber partially surrounding said heat distributing flue and connected at one end with the mixing chamber; an air intake disposed at the other end of said air chamber; a series of radiator feeding flues connected at one end with the heat distributing chamber a series of radiators connected at one end with said radiator feeding flues; a draft flue connected with the other end of the radiators; a plurality of radiation chambers inclosing said radiators intermediate their ends;.a plurality of drying chambers disposed side by side over said radiating chambers; and means for closing communication between said radiators and said heat distributing chamber.

In testimony whereof I aflix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

CHRISTOPHER G. GUIGNARD.

Witnesses:

A. M. PARKINS, EDMUND H. PARRY.

five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. G. 

